Disappearing ink is made by putting 0.1g of phenolphthalein into a 125 ml erlenmeyer flask. Then add 10 ml of ethanol and stir it until its dissolved. next add 10oml of distilled water it should turn into a dark red ink. now you can use it on a piece of paper it should disappear in a couple of seconds and this works because there is carbon in the air which reacts with the solution to form carbonic acid but the carbonic acid is neutralised when it reacts with the sodium hydroxide and they make sodium carbonate. We made disappearing ink today in class it was interesting to see how it works and how its made it was a really cool lab that anyone can do at home with adult supervision.
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carbon gets into the ocean by dissolving into its surface some of the carbon stays as gas but most of it dissolves. The reason carbon makes the ocean more acidic is because it reduces the pH level of the ocean. pH is the measurement we use calculate ocean acidification. Ocean acidification affects reef building corals because they it is shown that it significantly reduces the ability of the corals to build their skeleton. Ocean acidification doesn't only affect sea life but us as well since we consume sea life. In class we looked at how the earth is separated in layers starting from the core out to the crust. Our earths inner core is mainly composed of heavy metals such ad nickle and iron because they were more dense then the other materials on this earth you may think because its so hot it must be molten and a liquid but that is not the case here because the gravity at the center is so immense that it keeps it in a very pressured state which makes it a solid. the outer core is mainly composed of the same things as the inner core but its a liquid because the pressure is not as great so its just molten iron and nickle. when we get to the mantle things start to change its still a liquid but its a lot thicker the the outer core and it also has silicates which are basically crystals and rocks and that is also what the crust of the earth is made up of. the core of our earth is also the reason we have a magnetic field because its made up of conductive materials created by convection currents due to heat escaping from the core of the earth convection currents are also what make magma (molten rock). Today in class we learned about buoyancy by making candle lanterns the reason the lanterns float ans take off is because of the fire under it there are three stages of buoyancy. Negative bouncy neutral buoyancy and positive buoyancy. These are the stages the lantern goes through to take flight it starts at negative bouncy with means it just falls down and as the heat starts to rise it make the air molecules more active and makes them hit against the sides of the bag which cause it to expand and if you increase the volume of an object that has the same mass as when it started it becomes less dense and as the lantern gets hotter the air particles will start hitting the sides and some will escape out the bottom and since the air is escaping out the bottom it gets even less dense and as it rises the pressure gets lower which allows the bag to expand even more then if it were at sea level and this is also what causes balloons to pop one they get to a certain height because they expand ultil they pop because of how low the pressure is. Matter has three different states. Solids liquids and gases but the way it becomes a solid liquid or a gas all depends on the pressure and temperature of its surroundings with solids it needs to have low temperature and high pressure. with liquid it need to have some amount of pressure but also it needs to have some temperature and with gasses it needs to have more temperature and less pressure. an example of this is water when you lower the temperature it turns into ice and when you have it at room temperature it is in its liquid state and when you boil water it creates vapor which is just water in is gaseous form. But not all matter goes the solid liquid and gas phases for example dry ice its a solid that goes straight into gas form this happens because the ice is super cold approximately -109.3 degrees Fahrenheit and when it comes into contact with room temperature it doesn't have the temperature nor pressure to go into its liquid form. We also learned about how carbons and bonds create different types of matter. It depends on how many carbons and bonds it has for example when you have four carbons and one bond you get butane but when you have two bonds instead of one you get butene. light is electromagnetic radiation which is part of the electromagnetic spectrum which we call visible light. there are many types of light winch are all waves the difference between them is the length the reason we use radio waves is because they have a very long wave length and its easy for it to go though objects on the the other hand its very hard for light to go through objects because its wave length is much shorter. Light has its spectrum of visible light which consist of red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo, and violet. and the difference between them is their wave length and how much radiation they output radio waves put out the least amount of radiation then its micro waves then infrared then visible then ultraviolet then soft x-ray then hard x-ray and finally gamma rays which are the most lethal waves we have found so far and gamma rays come from solar flares,pulsars,novas,and,supernovas. Solar flares are eruptions that happen on the suns surface and pulsar is thought to be a rapidly rotating neutron star that emits pulses of radio waves and other waves along the electromagnetic spectrum. That is what i think light is. Balloon combustion: What I think
happened with the balloon is that the fire broke the balloon releasing the gas inside and mixing the oxygen to make an explosion Update for balloon: The balloon Broke and the hydrogen was exposed to the flame causing the molecules to break apart and the oxygen combines to the hydrogen atoms and they create mimi expositions and when they combine it makes h2o or water. What do you think science is?Update: I think science is wanting knowledge about the world you exist in breaking down substances to their simplest form and see how they react to other substances to find why they do what they do. I think science is curiosity in what your surroundings are and trying to define what they are made of and what makes them what they are. what is hypothesisa hypothesis is an educated guess at solving a problem or trying to figure out what an outcome will be.
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November 2016
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